1 Samuel 26:9

Authorized King James Version

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And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the LORD'S anointed, and be guiltless?

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 13
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִ֛ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 13
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 13
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲבִישַׁ֖י to Abishai H52
אֲבִישַׁ֖י to Abishai
Strong's: H52
Word #: 4 of 13
abishai, an israelite
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 5 of 13
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֑הוּ Destroy H7843
תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֑הוּ Destroy
Strong's: H7843
Word #: 6 of 13
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
כִּ֠י H3588
כִּ֠י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מִ֣י H4310
מִ֣י
Strong's: H4310
Word #: 8 of 13
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
שָׁלַ֥ח him not for who can stretch forth H7971
שָׁלַ֥ח him not for who can stretch forth
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 9 of 13
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יָד֛וֹ his hand H3027
יָד֛וֹ his hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 10 of 13
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
בִּמְשִׁ֥יחַ anointed H4899
בִּמְשִׁ֥יחַ anointed
Strong's: H4899
Word #: 11 of 13
anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the messiah
יְהוָ֖ה against the LORD'S H3068
יְהוָ֖ה against the LORD'S
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 13
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְנִקָּֽה׃ and be guiltless H5352
וְנִקָּֽה׃ and be guiltless
Strong's: H5352
Word #: 13 of 13
to be (or make) clean (literally or figuratively); by implication (in an adverse sense) to be bare, i.e., extirpated

Analysis & Commentary

David's restraint crystallizes one of Scripture's most important principles regarding authority: the anointed of the LORD must not be destroyed by human hands. The Hebrew 'mashiach YHWH' (the LORD's anointed) establishes a category of sacred protection that transcends personal grievance. David's rhetorical question 'who can stretch forth his hand against the LORD's anointed, and be guiltless?' establishes a precedent that extends beyond this moment to any who would usurp divine prerogatives in removing those God has placed in authority.

Historical Context

Anointing with oil was the ritual that formally inducted Israelite kings into office, marking them as God's chosen representatives. This sacred act created an inviolable status that only God Himself could revoke. David's respect for this office, despite Saul's unworthiness, models submission to divine ordering of society.

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